The Saturn Section
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Considered only as a globe, Saturn is a somewhat smaller, dimmer, and relatively quiescent replica of the giant Jupiter. With its majestic and symmetrical ring system, together with the brighter eight satellites accessible to moderate-size telescopes, Saturn is an object of exquisite and unsurpassed beauty, holding a particular magnetism for both the eye and camera. Besides its aesthetic qualities, Saturn exhibits numerous features rewarding persistent observation. At opposition, the globe of Saturn subtends an angle of about 17" in equatorial diameter, while the ring system's major axis spans nearly 42". Those experienced at observing Jupiter will note that Saturn requires almost twice the magnification needed for the Giant Planet if a disk of comparable proportions is to be produced. Unfortunately, those with relatively small telescopes will frequently find that the disk of Saturn is relatively barren and changeless, seldom displaying the wealth of activity that is so common on Jupiter. It is not possible to establish a definite rule with respect to the minimum aperture required for the study of Saturn. Almost any optical assistance will show the major disk features, the spectacular ring system, and Cassini’s Division are revealed with a 3” refractor. With either a 4” refractor or 6” reflector, the observer has sufficient aperture for more advanced studies of the planet. More important than instrument design however, is optical and mechanical quality. The prospective Saturn observer should obtain the best telescope he can afford. Some observers in recent years have successfully used simple but premium-quality Dobsonian reflectors. The novice should spend some time with the telescope he intends to use, seeking to establish the best combination of magnification, filters, image size, brightness, and contrast. These topics, and many others, are discussed in considerable detail in The Saturn Handbook, available from the coordinator. After a bit of experience in observing Saturn, individuals will want to become familiar with the more advanced methods and techniques described in that book. Like Jupiter, Saturn displays a series of bright zones and dark belts that run roughly parallel to the equator. Much of the fundamental nomenclature of the zones and belts of Jupiter also applies to Saturn. Features move across the globe of Saturn from right to left, and, like Jupiter, Saturn has two regions of rotation defined as System I and System II. By following the
instructions in the Saturn Handbook
the beginner will soon be able to participate in the following Saturn
Section programs:
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